Histroy

Histroy of Holly prophet(p.b.u.h) & Imam's (a.s)


ISLAMIC_CALENDAR



SHAJRA IMMAM'S

Number	Name (Full/Kunya)	Title (Arabic/Turkish)[3]	Birth–Death (CE/AH)[4]	Importance	Birthplace (present day country)	Place of death and burial
1	‘Alī ibn Abu Talib علي بن أبي طالب Abu al-Hassan أبو الحسن	Amir al-Mu'minin (Commander of the Faithful)[5] Birinci Ali[6]	600–661[5] 23–40[7]	The first Imam and the rightfulsuccessor of the Prophet of all Shia; however, the Sunnis acknowledge him as the fourth Caliph as well. He holds a high position in almost all Sufi Muslim orders (Turuq); the members of these orders trace their lineage to Muḥammad through him.[5]	Mecca,khana-ae-kaba[5]	Assassinated by Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam, aKharijite in Kufa, who slashed him with a poisoned sword.[5][8]Buried at the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf, Iraq.
2	Hassan ibn ‘Alī الحسن بن علي Abu Muḥammad أبو محمد	al-Mujtaba İkinci Ali[6]	624–680[9] 3–50[10]	He was the eldest surviving grandson of Muḥammad through Muḥammad's daughter, Fatimah Zahra. Hasan succeeded his father as the caliph in Kufa, and on the basis of peace treaty with Muawiya I, he relinquished control of Iraqfollowing a reign of seven months.[11]	Medina,Saudi Arabia[9]	Poisoned by his wife inMedina, Saudi Arabia on the orders of the CaliphMuawiya.[12] Buried inJannat al-Baqi.
3	Husayn ibn ‘Alī الحسین بن علي Abu Abdillah أبو عبد الله	Sayed al-Shuhada Ūçüncü Ali[6]	626–680[13] 4–61[14]	He was a grandson of Muḥammad. Husayn opposed the validity ofCaliph Yazid I. As a result, he and his family were later killed in theBattle of Karbala by Yazid's forces. After this incident, thecommemoration of Husayn ibn Alihas become a central ritual in Shia identity.[13][15]	Medina,Saudi Arabia[13]	Killed and beheaded at theBattle of Karbala.[13]Buried at the Imam Husayn Shrine in Karbala,Iraq.
4	‘Alī ibn al-Hussein علي بن الحسین Abu Muḥammad أبو محمد	al-Sajjad, Zain al-Abedin [16] Dördüncü Ali[6]	658-9[16] – 712[17] 38[16]–95[17]	Author of prayers in Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, which is known as "The Psalm of the Household of the Prophet." [17]	Medina,Saudi Arabia[16]	He was poisoned on the order of Caliph al-Walid Iin Medina, Saudi Arabia.[17] Buried inJannat al-Baqi.
5	Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī محمد بن علي Abu Ja'far أبو جعفر	al-Baqir al-Ulum (splitting open knowledge) [18] Beşinci Ali[6]	677–732[18] 57–114[18]	Sunni and Shia sources both describe him as one of the early and most eminent legal scholars, teaching many students during his tenure.[18][19]	Medina,Saudi Arabia[18]	He was poisoned by Ibrahim ibn Walid ibn 'Abdallah in Medina, Saudi Arabia on the order of Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik.[17]. Buried in Jannat al-Baqi.
6	Ja'far ibn Muḥammad جعفر بن محمد Abu Abdillah أبو عبد الله	al-Sadiq[20] (the Trustworthy) Altıncı Ali[6]	702–765[20] 83–148 [20]	Established the Ja'fari jurisprudenceand developed the Theology of Shia. He instructed many scholars in different fields, including Abu Hanifah and Malik ibn Anas in fiqh,Wasil ibn Ata and Hisham ibn Hakam in Islamic theology, andJābir ibn Hayyān in science andalchemy.[20][21][22]	Medina,Saudi Arabia[20]	He was poisoned inMedina, Saudi Arabia on the order of Caliph Al-Mansur.[20]. Buried inJannat al-Baqi.
7	Musa ibn Ja'far موسی بن جعفر Abu al-Hassan I أبو الحسن الأول[23]	al-Kazim[24] Yedinci Ali[6]	744–799[24] 128–183[24]	Leader of the Shia community during the schism of Ismaili and other branches after the death of the former Imam, Jafar al-Sadiq.[25]He established the network of agents who collected khums in the Shia community of the Middle East and the Greater Khorasan.[26]	Medina,Saudi Arabia[24]	Imprisoned and poisoned in Baghdad, Iraq on the order of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. Buried in theKazimayn shrine in Baghdad.[24]
8	‘Alī ibn Musa علي بن موسی Abu al-Hassan II[23]	al-Rida, Reza[27] Sekizinci Ali[6]	765–817[27] 148–203[27]	Made crown-prince by Caliph Al-Ma'mun, and famous for his discussions with both Muslim and non-Muslim religious scholars.[27]	Medina,Saudi Arabia[27]	He was poisoned near Sanabad village near Tous town (in modern Mashhad-al-Reza city of Iran which was established because of his burial there). His poisoning was on the order of Caliph Al-Ma'mun. He was buried in the Imam Reza shrine inMashhad.[27]
9	Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī محمد بن علي Abu Ja'far أبو جعفر	al-Taqi, al-Jawad[28] Dokuzuncu Ali[6]	810–835[28] 195–220[28]	Famous for his generosity and piety in the face of persecution by theAbbasid caliphate.	Medina,Saudi Arabia[28]	Poisoned by his wife, Al-Ma'mun's daughter, inBaghdad, Iraq on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tasim. Buried in the Kazmain shrine in Baghdad.[28]
10	‘Alī ibn Muḥammad علي بن محمد Abu al-Hassan III أبو الحسن الثالث[29]	al-Hadi, al-Naqi[29] Onuncu Ali[6]	827–868[29] 212–254[29]	Strengthened the network ofdeputies in the Shia community. He sent them instructions, and received in turn financial contributions of the faithful from thekhums and religious vows.[29]	Surayya, a village nearMedina,Saudi Arabia[29]	He was poisoned inSamarra, Iraq on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tazz.[30]Buried in the Al Askari Mosque in Samarra.
11	Hassan ibn ‘Alī الحسن بن علي Abu Muḥammad أبو محمد	al-Askari[31] Onbirinci Ali[6]	846–874[31] 232–260[31]	For most of his life, the Abbasid Caliph, Al-Mu'tamid, placed restrictions on him after the death of his father. Repression of the Shi'ite population was particularly high at the time due to their large size and growing power.[32]	Medina,Saudi Arabia[31]	He was poisoned on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tamid in Samarra, Iraq. Buried in Al Askari Mosque in Samarra.[33]
12	Muḥammad ibn al-Hassan محمد بن الحسن Abu al-Qasim أبو القاسم	al-Mahdi, Hidden Imam, al-Hujjah[34] Onikinci Ali[6]	868–unknown[35] 255–unknown[35]	He is the current Imam and the promised Mahdi, a messianic figure who will return with Jesus. He will reestablish the rightful governance of Islam and replete the earth with justice and peace.[36]	Samarra,Iraq[35]	He has been living in theOccultation since 872, and will continue as long as God wills it.[35]